1. 1. History of Human Knowledge
A) Metaphysical Systems
B) Philosophy
C) Physiology and the Physical Sciences
D) Experimental Psychology
2. Four Canons of Science
A) Determinism
B) Empiricism
C) Parsimony
D) Testability
3. Logic, Art and Ethics of Scientific Discovery
A) Laws, Theories, and Hypotheses
B) The Science of Observation
C) Three Approaches to Hypothesis Testing
4. Art of Scientific Discovery
A) Inductive Techniques for Developing Ideas
B) Deductive Techniques for Developing Ideas
5. Ethics of Scientific Discovery
A) Evolution of Ethical Guidelines
B) Modern Internal Review Boards and Risk-Benefit Analyses
C) Ethical Guidelines
6. Validity
A) Internal Validity
B) External Validity
C) Construct Validity
D) Conceptual Validity
7. Reliability
A) Reliability, Validity and the “More is Better” Rule
8. Measurement Scales
A) Nominal Scales
B) Ordinal Scales
C) Interval Scales
D) Ratio Scales
9. Converting Notions to Numbers
A) The Judgment Phase
B) Perspective Taking
C) Wording Questions
10. Response Translation Phase
A) The number of scale points
B) The importance of anchors
C) The EGWA scale
D) Special Scales
11. Writing Questions and Creating Scales
A) Designing Questionnaires
B) Alternate Measures
12. Common Threats to Validity
A) Individual Differences and “Third Variables”
B) Selection Bias and Nonresponse Bias
C) History and Maturation
D) Regression towards the mean
E) Testing effects
F) Experimental Mortality (Attrition)
G) Participant Reaction Bias
13. Confounds and Artifacts
A) Confounds
B) Artifacts
C) Confounds versus artifacts
14. Nonexperimental Research Design
A) Case Studies
15. Single-Variable Research
A) Population Surveys
B) Epidemiological Research
C) Research on Public Opinion
D) Limitations and drawbacks of population surveys
E) Single-Variable Convenience Samples
16. Multiple-Variable Research
A) Correlational Methods
B) Person Confounds
C) Environmental Confounds
D) Operational Confounds
E) Reverse Causality
17. Experimental Research Design
A) Strengths of true experiments
B) Problem of artificiality
C) Solution: Two forms of realism
18. Trade Offs between internal and external validity
19. Laboratory experiments
A) Optimistic bias and Planning fallacy
B) Pilot tests
C) Replication
20. Quasi-Experimental Designs
A) Person-by-treatment quasi-experiments
B) Natural experiments
C) Nature and treatment designs
21. Choosing the Right Research Design
A) One-way designs
B) Factorial designs
C) Within-Subjects designs
D) Mixed Model designs
22. Statistics
A) Descriptive Statistics
a. Central Tendency and Dispersion
b. The Shape of Distributions
B) Inferential Statistics
C) Probability Theory
D) Factors that influence the results of significant tests
a. Alpha levels and Type I and II Errors
b. Effect Size and Significance Testing
c. Measurement Error and Significance Testing
d. Sample Size and Significance Testing
e. Restriction of Range and Significance Testing
E) Hypothesis Testing
a. Estimates of Effect Size
b. Meta-Analysis
23. Maximizing Validity with Multi-Method (creative) research
A) Trade-offs in Research
B) Three horned dilemma (precision, generalizability t
24. Reporting Research Results
A) Rules to Writing Research Papers
B) Writing in APA style
C) Presenting research findings